^{Chemistry A: Pre-lab Instructions}

Skip a few pages at the beginning of your lab notebook to create a table of contents. Number each page of your notebook so you can easily locate specific experiments. Include the complete title of the lab, the page number, and the date the lab was performed in the table of contents.

Before performing any lab experiments, you must complete a prelab that contains all of the following information. This ensures that you have read the lab and have some knowledge of what we will be doing. If you do not do a prelab, you will not be allowed to do the lab and will receive a zero on the assignment. I may allow you to assist your partner so you will know the results for subsequent tests, but you will receive no credit. Begin your prelab on a clean sheet of paper or page in your notebook.

Title of the Lab: You will give the unit and section designation as well as the title to the lab. Put the title on the left hand side of the page. Opposite of the title on the right hand side of the page, please put your name and underline it. Please write the name of your partner directly under your name on the right hand side of the page.

Purpose: You are to read the Introduction section of the lab in your book to help you determine the purpose of the experiment and some needed background. The purpose should be one or two sentences.

Hypothesis This section provided your predication about the outcome of the experiment. Be sure to cite any background information and why you expect this outcome. This must be done BEFORE you begin the lab!

Procedure: This is a summary, outline, or flow chart of what you are to do. Full credit will not be given to those who use an excessive number of words or only copy the procedure in the book. Your prelab should contain a small sketch of the experimental set-up. I don’t expect masterpieces, but a messy sketch will lose points. Use a ruler if need be.

Data: Copy any data table necessary for the experiment, or create any that you may need that are not given. You must draw your own data table. Photocopies or copies of the book that have been scanned into a computer are not acceptable. Data tables always follow the procedure. Please use a ruler for drawing any straight lines for tables or graphs. Also, all tables and graphs should have titles that tell what it is a table or graph of. Titles like “Table” or “Graph of Data” will lose you some points.

This is the end of the Prelab. After the experiment you will add the following two sections.

Analysis: This section contains any calculations, explanations and answers to questions for the lab. Please answer the questions in complete sentences so that I know what question you are answering. You do not need to copy the questions. One word answers or very brief answers that do not explain what you are answering will certainly lose you some points.

Example: Why does oil float on water? If you were to say “Density,” you would lose some credit because this does not answer the question. A correct answer would be “Oil floats on water because it is less dense.”

Conclusion: All conclusions should be written using complete sentences and in paragraph form.

There are five parts to a standard conclusion you will write in this class:

1. Restate your hypothesis. Do not leave any part out, include everything from your hypothesis.
2. Accept or reject your hypothesis; were you right or wrong?
3. Discuss any and all data that supports or rejects your hypothesis. This is where you will refer back to tables, graphs, observations or calculations.
4. Discuss all controls and variables in the lab. Be sure that you distinguish between the independent and dependant variables.

· Control: What do I keep the same?

· Independent variable: What do I change?

· Dependent variable: What do I observe?

5. Finally, relate what we have been discussing, reading or working on in class to the ideas covered in the lab. This is where you will link the purpose of the lab to the purpose of the course.

Example - Cornell Note-Taking Format

Subject: Note taking Date: _______

Main Ideas	Details
Cornell notes In this area, you define terms, organize concepts, explain concepts. Semantic map or web	· Can be used to provide an outline of the course, chapter, or lecture. · Organized by main ideas and details. · Can be as detailed as necessary. · Sequential-- take notes as they are given by instructor or text in an orderly fashion. · After class, write a summary of what you learned to clarify and reinforce learning and to assist retention. · Can be used as study tool 1. Define terms or explain concepts listed on the left side. 2. Identify the concept or term based on its definition on the right side. · Can be used to provide a "big picture" of the course, chapter, or lecture. · Organized by main ideas and sub-topics. · Limited in how much detail you can represent. · Simultaneous - you can use this method for instructors who jump around from topic to topic. · After class, you will probably need to "translate" notes into a Cornell format. · Can be used as a study tool -- to get a quick overview and to determine whether you need more information or need to concentrate your study on specific topics.
Summary: These are a couple of ways that you can take notes. The Cornell method is best when the information is given in a sequential, orderly fashion and allows for more detail. The semantic web/map method works best for instructors who skip around from topic to topic, and provides a "big picture" when you're previewing materials or getting ready to study for a test.

Source: http://www.bucks.edu/~specpop/Cornl.htm

Measurement Tables:

SI Prefixes (International System)
Multiplication Factor	Prefix	Symbol	Term
1,000,000,000,000 = 10^12	tera	T	one trillion
1,000,000,000 = 10^9	giga	G	one billion
1,000,000 = 10^6	mega	M	one million
1,000 = 10^3	kilo	K	one thousand
100 10^2	hecto	H	one hundred
10 = 10^1	deka	D	ten
Units like:	meter, liter,	gram , etc
0.1 = 10^-1	deci	d	one tenth
0.01 = 10^-2	centi	c	one hundredth
0.001 = 10^-3	milli	m	one thousandth
0.000001 = 10^-6	micro	m	one millionth
0.000000001 =10^-9	nano	n	one billionth
0.000000000001 = 10^-12	pico	p	one trillionth

Frequently used units are in bold.

SI Measurement Units:

Quality measured	Unit	Abbreviation	Most frequently used in lab
Mass	gram	g	gram
Weight	Newton	N	Newton
Length	meter	m	centimeter (cm)
Area	square meter	m^2	square cm
Volume (solid)	cubic meter	m^3	cubic cm
Volume (liquid)	liter	L	milliliter (mL)
Temperature	degrees Celsius	Cº
Density (Mass divided by Volume)	grams per cubic meter	g/ m^3	Grams per cubic centimeter

Physical Science Laboratory Regulations

El Dorado Union High School

The following regulations make performing experimental work in physical science classes safe. Strict observance of the regulations is mandatory. All students are to follow these regulations rather than any conflicting instructions in textbooks or laboratory manuals.

Students and parents are to read the regulations, sign the contract, and return the contract to the instructor. You must complete this procedure before you begin any laboratory activity. You should keep a copy of the regulations in your notebook for future reference.

General

1. An instructor must be present during the performance of all laboratory work.

2. Prepare for each laboratory activity by reading all instructions before coming to class. Follow all directions implicitly and intelligently. Make a note of any modification in procedure given by the instructor.

3. Always approach laboratory experiences in a serious and courteous manner.

4. Use only those materials and equipment authorized by the instructor. The teacher must approve any science project or individually planned experiment.

5. Know the proper fire- and earthquake-drill procedures.

6. Roll long sleeves above the wrist. You may not wear long, hanging necklaces, bulky jewelry, and excessive and bulky clothing in the laboratory.

7. Confine long hair during a laboratory activity.

8. Wear shoes that cover the toes, rather than sandals, in the laboratory.

9. Wear appropriate eye protection, as directed by the instructor, whenever you are working in the laboratory. You will wear safety goggles during hazardous activities involving caustic/corrosive chemicals, heating of liquids, and other activities that may injure the eyes.

10. Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of contact lenses. Therefore, students must wear regular glasses (inside splash-proof goggles, when appropriate) during all class activities or purchase personal splash proof goggles and wear them whenever exposure to chemicals or chemical fumes is possible.

11. You will place books, purses, and such items in the designated storage area. Take only laboratory manuals and notebooks into the working area.

12. Report any accident to the teacher immediately, no matter how minor, including reporting any burn, scratch, cut, or corrosive liquid spill on skin or clothing.

13. Students with open skin wounds on hands must wear gloves or be excused from the laboratory activity.

14. You may not eat or drink in the laboratory or from laboratory equipment.

15. Students may not enter the laboratory storage rooms or teachers' workrooms without the approval of the teacher.

Handling Equipment

16. Inform the teacher immediately of any equipment not working properly.

17. You must report broken glassware, including thermometers, to the instructor immediately.

18. Operate electrical equipment only in a dry area and with dry hands.

19. When removing an electrical plug from its socket, pull the plug, not the electrical cord.

20. When heating material in a test tube, do not look into the mouth of the tube or point it in the direction of any person during the process.

21. When working with lasers or apparatus that produce X rays, microwaves, or ultraviolet rays, make certain that proper shielding and other precautions are used.

22. Know the location and operation of the emergency shower; eyewash and face wash fountain, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, fire alarm box, and exits.

23. Light gas burners only as instructed by the teacher. Be sure no one is using volatile materials (such as alcohol or acetone) nearby.

24. Use a burner with extreme caution. Keep your head and clothing away from the flame and turn it off when not in use.

25. Use a fire blanket to extinguish any flame on a person ("stop, drop, and roll" procedure)

26. Use the fume hood whenever noxious, corrosive, or toxic fumes are produced or released.

27. To cut small-diameter glass tubing, use a file or tubing cutter to make a deep scratch. Wrap the tubing in a paper towel before breaking the glass away from you with your thumbs. Fire-polish all ends.

28. When bending glass, allow time for the glass to cool before further handling. Hot and cold glass has the same visual appearance. Determine whether an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to the object. Never pick up hot glass, even with tongs.

29. Match hole size and tubing when inserting glass tubing into a stopper. If necessary, expand the hole first by using an appropriate size cork borer. Lubricate the stopper hole and glass tubing with water or glycerin to ease insertion, using towels to protect the hand. Carefully twist (never push) glass tubing into stopper holes.

Handling Chemicals

30. Check labels and equipment instructions carefully. Be sure correct items are used in the proper manner.

31. Find out if the chemicals used in the lab are hazardous. Know where the material safety data sheet (MSDS) is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemicals you are using.

32. You should not pour reagents back into bottles, exchange stoppers of bottles, or lay stoppers on the table.

33. When diluting acids, always pour acids into water, never the reverse. Combine the liquids slowly while stirring to distribute heat buildup throughout the mixture.

34. Keep hands away from face, eyes, and clothes while using solutions, specimens, equipment, or materials in the laboratory.

35. To treat a burn from an acid or alkali, wash the affected area immediately with plenty of running water. If the eye is involved, irrigate it at the eyewash station without interruption for 15 minutes. Report the incident to your instructor immediately.

36. Do not carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a group of students.

37. Use a mechanical Pipette filler (not your mouth) when measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid with a pipette.

38. Do not taste anything or touch chemicals with the hands unless specifically instructed to do so.

39. Test for odor of chemicals only by waving your hand above the container and sniffing cautiously from a distance.

Cleanup and Disposal

40. Be sure all glassware is clean before use and clean glassware thoroughly after use. Residue may cause errors in new experiments or cause a violent reaction or explosion.

41. Keep work areas clean. Keep floors and aisles clear of equipment and materials.

42. Clean up any spill on the floor or workspace immediately.

43. Dispose of laboratory waste as instructed by the teacher. Use separate, designated containers (not the wastebasket) for the following:

· Matches, litmus paper, wooden splints, tooth- picks, and so on

· Broken and waste glass

· Rags, paper towels, or other absorbent materials used in the cleanup of flammable solids or liquids.

· Hazardous/toxic liquids and solids

44. Remove all broken glass from the work area or floor as soon as possible. Never handle broken glass with bare hands; use a counter brush and dustpan.

45. You must clean the laboratory area before leaving.

46. Students and teachers must wash hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory area.

Note: Persistent or willful violation of the regulations will result in the loss of laboratory privileges and possible dismissal from the class.

Student Safety Contract Physical Science

School: EDHS Teacher: Elkow Date: _______________

Student's name: ______________________________________

The student has received specific instruction regarding the use, function, and location of the following:

Aprons, gloves ____

Chemical-spill kit ____

Eye-protective devices (goggles, face shield, safety shield) ____

Eyewash fountain, drench spray, and drench shower ____

Fire extinguisher ____

Fire blanket ____

First-aid kit ____

Heat sources (burners, hot plate, microwave) and techniques in their use ____

Material safety data sheets (MSDSS) ____

Waste-disposal containers for glass, chemicals, matches, paper, wood ____

The student will abide by the "Physical Science Laboratory Regulations" to prevent accidents and injury to her or him and others and will:

- Follow all additional instructions given by the teacher.

- Conduct herself or himself in a responsible manner all times in the laboratory.

List below any special allergies or sensitivities (e.g., to plants, animals, pollen, foods, chemicals, bee stings) that may affect the student's safety in the laboratory or on field trips:

Check this box if the student wears contact lenses:

It is recommended that students wear their glasses on laboratory days rather than contact lenses.

Students must wear closed toed shoes on lab days.

Student's Statement:

I have in my possession and have read the "Physical Science Laboratory Regulations" and agree to abide by them at all times while in the laboratory. I have received specific safety instruction as indicated above. I have also read the course description that includes classroom policies.

Signature of student ___________________________________

Parent's or Guardian's Statement:

I have read the "Physical Science Laboratory Regulations" and give my consent for the student who has signed the preceding statement to engage in laboratory activities using a variety of science equipment and materials, including but not limited to those described. I pledge my cooperation in urging that she or he observe the safety regulations prescribed. I have also read the course description that includes classroom policies.

Signature of parent or guardian __ Date _______

Return the completed and signed form to Mrs. Elkow by Friday, August 15, 2008.

Students will not participate in laboratory activities until this form is returned.